以下是针对常用新闻报道中核心词汇与短语(4)的详细讲解,每个词条均包含词义解析、例句及中文翻译,以帮助您更深入地理解和运用这些表达。
核心词汇与短语详细讲解
一、动词短语与固定搭配
1. crack down on
· 含义:严厉打击,严肃整治(尤指对违法或不法行为)
· 构成:动词短语,通常用于政府、警方等权威机构
· 例句:
· The school decided to crack down on cheating during exams.
学校决定严厉打击考试作弊行为。
· The new mayor promised to crack down on corruption within city government.
新市长承诺严打市政府内部的腐败。
2. lead to
· 含义:导致,引起(结果或后果)
· 注意:后接名词或动名词,表示因果关系
· 例句:
· Poor communication often leads to misunderstandings in the workplace.
沟通不畅常常导致工作场所的误解。
· The heavy rain led to the cancellation of the outdoor concert.
大雨导致户外音乐会被取消。
3. jump out of the way
· 含义:迅速闪开,跳开躲避
· 语境:常用于描述紧急情况下的躲避动作
· 例句:

· The pedestrians had to jump out of the way as the car suddenly swerved onto the sidewalk.
汽车突然转向冲上人行道,行人不得不迅速闪开。
· I almost didn't jump out of the way in time when the bicycle came speeding toward me.
自行车朝我冲来时,我差点没及时闪开。
4. coincide with
· 含义:与...同时发生,巧合
· 用法:描述两个事件在时间上的重叠
· 例句:
· Her promotion coincided with the company's expansion into Asian markets.
她的晋升与公司进军亚洲市场同时发生。
· The power outage coincided with the thunderstorm, making the situation worse.
停电与雷暴同时发生,使情况更加糟糕。
二、精准形容词
5. oppressive
· 含义:压抑的,难以忍受的(指气候、气氛等)
· 词根:press(压)+ 前缀 op-(加强)
· 例句:
· The oppressive heat made it difficult to sleep without air conditioning.
难耐的酷热让人没有空调难以入睡。
· There was an oppressive silence in the room after the bad news was announced.
坏消息宣布后,房间内有一种令人压抑的沉默。
6. frigid

· 含义:极冷的,严寒的(比"cold"程度更强)
· 同义词:freezing, icy
· 例句:
· The frigid temperatures in Antarctica require special protective gear.
南极的严寒气温需要特殊的防护装备。
· She gave him a frigid stare that made him immediately stop talking.
她给了他一个冰冷的凝视,让他立刻停止了说话。
7. wayward
· 含义:任性的,不守规矩的;难以控制的
· 构成:way(道路)+ -ward(方向)→ 偏离正道
· 例句:
· The teacher struggled to manage the wayward student who refused to follow any rules.
老师努力管教那个拒绝遵守任何规则的任性学生。
· The company tried to rein in its wayward subsidiary that was operating independently.
公司试图控制其独立运营、难以管理的子公司。
8. ubiquitous
· 含义:无处不在的,普遍存在的
· 发音:/juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/
· 例句:
· Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society, even among young children.
智能手机在现代社会已无处不在,甚至在年幼儿童中也是如此。
· In the 1990s, the coffee chain became ubiquitous, with stores on nearly every corner.

在20世纪90年代,这家咖啡连锁店变得无处不在,几乎每个街角都有其门店。
9. miffed
· 含义:有点生气的,恼怒的(程度较轻)
· 语体:偏口语化,非正式
· 例句:
· She was miffed when her colleagues forgot her birthday.
同事们忘记了她的生日,她有点生气。
· He was miffed that his suggestion was dismissed without proper consideration.
他的建议没有经过适当考虑就被否决了,这让他很恼火。
三、专业与特定词汇
10. summons (单复数同形)
· 含义:传票,法庭传唤
· 法律术语:区分"ticket"(罚单,较轻)和"summons"(传票,较重)
· 例句:
· He received a summons to appear in court for a speeding violation.
他因超速违规收到了出庭传票。
· The company was served with a summons for violating environmental regulations.
该公司因违反环保法规被送达传票。
11. advocacy group
· 含义:倡议团体,倡导组织(推动特定社会或政治目标)
· 常见类型:consumer advocacy group, environmental advocacy group
· 例句:

· The advocacy group organized a protest to raise awareness about climate change.
这个倡议团体组织了一场抗议活动,以提高人们对气候变化的认识。
· Animal rights advocacy groups successfully lobbied for stricter laws against animal cruelty.
动物权利倡导团体成功游说制定了更严格的反动物虐待法律。
12. motorist
· 含义:驾驶机动车的人,司机
· 构词:motor(机动车)+ -ist(从事...的人)
· 例句:
· The new law requires motorists to yield to pedestrians at all crosswalks.
新法律要求司机在所有人行横道处礼让行人。
· During the holiday season, motorists are warned about the dangers of drunk driving.
假日期间,司机们被警告醉驾的危险。
13. op-ed
· 含义:报纸的专栏评论版(opposite editorial page的缩写)
· 特点:通常刊登署名评论文章,表达个人观点
· 例句:
· The professor wrote an op-ed for the local newspaper about education reform.
这位教授为当地报纸写了一篇关于教育改革的专栏评论。
· Her op-ed piece criticizing government policy sparked a lively public debate.
她那篇批评政府政策的专栏文章引发了一场热烈的公开辩论。
四、表达结构与数据描述
14. by a factor of

· 含义:以...的倍数,增加/减少了...倍
· 科技/统计用语:表示变化幅度
· 例句:
· The new algorithm improved processing speed by a factor of 10.
新算法将处理速度提高了10倍。
· Energy consumption decreased by a factor of 3 after the building was renovated.
大楼翻新后,能耗降低了三分之二(减少到原来的1/3)。
15. Pity the... (修辞性倒装句)
· 含义:同情/可怜...吧(用于强调某群体的困境)
· 修辞功能:创造情感共鸣,吸引读者注意
· 例句:
· Pity the night shift workers who must sleep during the day.
可怜那些必须白天睡觉的夜班工人吧。
· Pity the students who have exams during the holiday season.
同情那些在假期期间还要考试的学生吧。
学习建议:
1. 分类记忆:将词汇按主题(如法律、天气、社会问题)分组学习
2. 搭配练习:注意每个词汇的常见搭配(如"crack down"常与"on"连用)
3. 语境应用:尝试用新词汇描述自己熟悉的话题
4. 程度区分:注意近义词的程度差异(如:cold < frigid;annoyed < miffed < angry)
5. 语体意识:了解词汇的正式程度(ubiquitous正式,miffed口语)
这些词汇不仅在阅读新闻报道时有帮助,也是学术写作和高级口语表达的宝贵资源。




