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  • 医学英语术语速记立志成功课件

       2026-08-25 网络整理佚名910
    核心提示:医学英语术语速记How to master medical term rapidly张银合whatThrombocytopeniaLymphocytic Leukemia 医学英语

    医学英语术语速记

    Howtomastermedicaltermrapidly张银合whatThrombocyto’peniaLympho’cyticLeu’kemia

    医学英语术语:上述这些单词来源于希腊或拉丁词根,有特定的医学含义,我们将之统称为-医学英语术语(medicalterm);

    医学术语学:而将专门研究它的学问称为-医学术语学(medicalterminology):Anintroductiontothelanguageofveterinaryandhumanmedicine

    Why三个数字10万1.0万0.1万医学英语术语究竟有多少?

    很难说清楚。最常用的恐怕也不下1万条左右,若包括较常用的在内总有数万条;一部比较完全的医学词典,通常都收载有10万条左右的医学词汇。而且,随着医学及其边缘科学的迅猛发展,新的术语仍在与日俱增。特别是最近几十年来,每年差不多要出现1000条左右新术语。因而总的说来,医学英语术语的条数是一个非常可观的数量。除了上述三个原因以外,还有一个“词条冗长”的问题。固然有些医学英语术语和普通的英语单词差不多,仅由几个字母或十几个字母组成,通过反复地读和写能够记住它们,但也有不少的医学英语术语,却是长长的一大串.

    请看这样的医学英语术语,一般由30个字母组成,如果凭藉我们的记忆能力,硬是把它们一个字母一个字母地连续背下来,显然也不是一件轻松的事。

    How

    tomastermedicaltermrapidly

    先介绍几个有关词结构方面的概念。

    词根是一个单词的核心词缀包括前缀和后缀(prefixandsuffix)词素(morpheme)泛指词根和词缀一条医学英语术语的构成,“原则上”应该是采用来源一致的词素。当以两个或两个以上词素构成一条医学英语术语时,为了读音上的便利,常常需要在两个词素之间额外加上一个“连合元音”(也叫“复合形”或“结合形”,Combiningform)。一般说来,在两个希腊词素之间常加用元音“O”,而在两个拉丁词素之间常加用元音“i”(但有时也有例外)。第一节医学英语术语

    构词规则

    下面先举出几个例子,以便取得一个初步印象。希腊词素连合元音希腊词素希腊词素

    pyel十o十nephr十itis

    词根(肾盂)词根(肾)词尾(炎)

    →pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎

    希腊词素连合元音希腊词素连合元音希腊词素

    leuk+o+cyt+o+peria

    词根(白)词根(细胞)词尾(减少,不足)

    →1eukocytopenia

    白细胞减少

    拉丁词素连合元音拉丁词素

    mult十i十para

    词根(多)词尾(产,产妇)

    →multipara多产妇

    医学术语分类从属关系:词根+词缀关系并列关系:词根+词根从属关系:词根+词缀关系gastr+o+itis→gestritis胃炎规则一:后缀以元音开头,“o”省略leuk+o+cyt+o+penia

    词根(白)词根(细胞)词尾(减少)

    规则二:后缀以辅音开头,“o”不能省略→leukocytopenia

    白细胞减少第二节常用后缀

    简单后缀复合后缀

    简单后缀:-ia(2),condition

    ---病,---症

    复合后缀:-emia,-algia,-(o)rrhagia,-ectasia,-malacia,-odynia,-plegia,-uria,-penia单词重音在倒数第二音节的词尾-escence(2)adolescence-escent(2)adolescent-ian(2)pediatrician元音+tion(2)accomodation-ious(2)infectious-ate(2)reticulate-ity(2)disability-uria

    urinecondition尿(症)

    HEMATURIA(HEMAT/URIA)血尿

    -plegia

    stroke,paralysis

    中风,麻痹THERMOPLEGIA(THERM/O/PLEGIA)

    热射病,中暑-malacia

    softening软化OSTEOMALACIA(OSTE/O/MALACIA)骨软化

    -ectasiaorectasis

    stretching,dilatation

    扩张,膨胀

    nephrectasia(nephr/ectasia)肾扩张-ectasis扩张

    angiectasis血管扩张bronchiectasis支气管扩张-algia

    pain痛

    arthralgia(atther/algia)关节痛neuralgia神经痛arthralgia关节痛-emia

    bloodcondition

    血病,血症

    leukemia(leuk/emia)白血病bacteremia菌血症septicemia败血症

    hypercholesterolemia高胆固醇血症-orrhagia

    出血

    临床医学英语术语速记

    gastrorrhagia(gastr/o/rrhagia)胃出血简单后缀

    -y:condition,act,process

    ---术,---法,---症

    复合后缀-metry,-otomy,-ectomy,-graphy,-iatry,-ology,-pexy,-plasty,-(o)rrhaphy,-stomy,-scopy,-megaly-scopy(3)

    examination,processofexaminingvisually

    镜检查,视诊

    laryngoscopy喉镜检查

    bronchoscopy支气管镜检查

    gastroscopy胃镜检查

    colonoscopy结肠镜检查

    cystoscopy膀胱镜检查

    -ostomy

    processofmakinganopeningintooraconnectionbetween开口或吻合

    造口(术)或吻合(术)

    anastomosis吻合术colostomy结肠造口术gastrostomy(gastr/o/stomy)

    胃造口术

    anastomosis也表示吻合-(o)rrhaphy

    suturing,processofsuturing

    缝合术hermiorrhaphy

    (herni/o/rrhaphy)疝缝术,疝修补术

    -rrhaphy

    缝合术

    colporrhaphy阴道缝合术herniorrhaphy疝缝合术-plasty(4)

    surgicalreshapingorrepair成形术

    arthroplasty关节成形术

    urethroplasty尿道成形术

    osteoplasty(oste/o/plasty)骨成形术

    成形术-pexyafixingorsettingfirmlyinplacebysuturing

    固定术

    hepatopexy(hepat/o/pexy)

    肝固定手术

    -ology(3)

    actorprocessofstudying

    pharmacologypharmac/o/logy)-logist(3)

    onewhostudiesandtreats

    学者和治疗者

    urologist(ur/o/logist)

    泌尿专家-iatryor–iatrics

    healing

    愈合,医........之术podiatry医足术-graphy(3)

    processofrecording

    描记术

    -graph(3)

    thatwhichrecords

    描记器

    -gram(3)

    therecorditself

    描记图

    -ectomy

    excision,processofcuttingout

    切除(术)laryngectomy喉切除术thyroidectomy甲状腺切除术mastectomy乳房切除术cholecystectomy胆囊切除术appendectomy阑尾切除术

    -otomy

    incision,processofcuttinginto

    切开(术)

    laparotomy剖腹术tracheotomy气管切开术cramiotomy颅骨切开术

    -metry

    measurement

    测量,测定(术)

    dynamometry肌力测量法pelvimetry骨盆测量法-megalylarge大atriomegaly心房肥大ventriculomegaly心室扩大splenomegaly脾大typhlomegaly盲肠巨大-e

    aninstrument

    器械或名词后缀

    复合后缀:-scope,-tome,-cele,-cyte-tome

    instrumentforcutting

    ARTHROTOME(ARTHR/O/TOME)关节刀-cyte

    nounmarker,referringtoacell细胞leukocyte(leuk/o/cyte)白细胞

    -cele

    hernia,herniation

    突出,疝,肿

    thyrocele(thyr/o/cele)甲状腺肿

    -scope

    instrumentforviewing

    laryngoscope喉镜bronchoscope支气管镜laparoscope腹腔镜ophthalmoscope检眼镜-itis(2)

    inflammation

    炎症

    hepatitis(hepat/itis)肝炎

    -ist

    onewhospecializesin……的专家,学者dermatologist(dermat/o/log/ist)

    皮肤病专家

    -or(er)

    referstoadoer,eitherapersonorthing工作者(人或工具)

    INCISOR(IN/CIS/OR)切牙

    -osis(2)

    acondition,usuallyabnormalorpathological

    异常或病理情况

    SCLEROSIS(SCLER/OSIS)硬化症

    -oma(2)

    swelling,tumor

    肿胀,肿瘤

    sarcoma(sar/oma)肉瘤-ism

    acondition,usuallytheresultofapriorcondition

    情况,前一情况的结果

    embolism(em/bol/ism)栓塞-(i)um(2)

    referstoapartinrelationtoawhole,relatedto

    部分与整体关系,与…有关

    pericardium(peri/cardi/um)心包

    epigastrium(epi/gastr/ium)上腹部-ac……的cardiac(cardi/ac)心脏的

    -al……的bronchial(bronch/i/al)支气管的

    -ar……的tonsillar(tonsill/ar)扁桃体的

    -ic(2)……的

    hepatic(hepat/ic)肝的

    -eal……的esophageal(esophag/eal)食道

    -ary……的ciliary(cili/ary)睫状的

    -ous……的含……的分泌…的

    mucous(muc/ous)粘液的

    fibrous(fibr/ous)纤维性的

    sebaceous(seb/ace/ous)皮脂的-oid(3)

    类似,象cystoid(cyst/oid)囊样的-meter

    instrumentformeasuring

    测量用器具

    thermoneter(therm/o/meter)

    温度计-meter(3)

    计、表

    spiromet呼吸量计,肺量计ophthalmometer检眼计-(o)rrhea(1)

    flow,discharge

    流出,分泌

    diarrhea(dia/rrhea)腹泻

    -lysis

    dissolution溶解

    decomposition解体

    hemolysis(hem/o/lysist)溶血-pathy

    disease,diseasedcondition

    病,病理情况OPHTHALMOPATHY

    (OPHTHALM/O/PATHY)眼病

    -blast

    acellthatisundifferentiated,primitive,embryonic

    未分化的原始胚细胞hemocytoblast(hem/o/cyt/o/blast)

    成血细胞、原血细胞

    -centesis

    surgicalpuncturetowithdrawfluid外科穿刺吸液amniocentesis羊膜穿刺术

    -centesis穿刺术

    Paracentesis穿刺术Thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺术Amniocentesis羊膜穿刺术abdominocentesis腹腔穿刺术-clysis

    washing,introductionoffluidforthepurposeofirrigation

    洗bronchoclysis(bronch/o/clysis)支气管灌洗(BRONCH/O/POSIS)

    -ptosis

    afalling,thedroppingorsaggingofanorgan

    落下

    nephroptosis(nephr/o/ptosis)肾下垂-ptysis咳、咯

    hemoptysis咯血pyoptysis咯脓-(o)rrhexis

    rupture

    破裂hepatorrhexis(hepat/o/orhexis)肝破裂-sclerosis

    ahardening

    硬化arteriosclerosis(hepat/o/sclerosis)动脉硬化-stasis

    arresting,halting

    停止,制止bacteriostasis(bacteri/o/stasis)制菌作用-stenosis

    anarrowing,astricture

    变狭,狭窄

    arteriostenosis

    (arteri/o/stenosis)动脉狭窄-gram图像

    electrocardiogram心电图electroencephalogram脑电图-graph

    描记器

    Pneumograph呼吸描记器-emesis呕吐

    Emetic催吐的Antiemetic止吐的50个常用词根adenangiarteriarthrblepharbronchcardicelicephalcerebrglandvesselarteryjointeyelidbronchusheartabdomen(abdominalcavity)headcerebrum,brain50个常用词根cheilcholangidermatencephalentererythresophaggastrhepathypnlipbileductskinbrainintestinesredesophagusstomachliversleep50个常用词根hysterlaparlaryngmammmeningmymyelmyelonnephrneuruterusabdomenlarynxbreastmeningesmusclebonemarrow;spinalcordbonemarrowkidneynerve50个常用词根psychrachirhinsplenstomatthoractracheurethrutervesicmindvertebra;spinalorvertebralcolumnnosespleenmouththorax(chest)tracheaurethrauterusbladder;sac50个常用词根ophthalmorchidosteotpancreatpharyngphrenpleurpneumonprocteyetestis;testicleboneearpancreaspharynxmindpleuralung;airrectum

     
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